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The geological structure and development of the territory of
Latvia is characteristic of the north-western part of the East
European Platform. Crystalline bedrock, formed mainly from Archaean
and Proterozoic sublayers of gneiss, granite and anorthosite.
Sedimentary rock formed in the Paleozoic; in places Mesozoic
sediments are seen. Quaternary layers, formed mainly by glacial (moraines)
and glacial water sediments, are up to 302 m thick. Formation of
peat, freshwater lime deposits, and sapropel has been fairly
intensive during the post-glaciation Quaternary period.
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