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The nature, intensity and loads of geological processes on the
coast, its condition and changes, are determined by natural
factors and human impact.
Natural factors with a short-term or long-term effect are
meteorological factors (wind regime, precipitation, air
temperatures), marine hydrodynamic and lithodynamic factors (wave
formation, sea water level, ice conditions, coastal sediment flows),
and geological and relief factors (tectonic movement of the
Earth's crust, geological structure and rocks, amounts of
sediments, coastal exposure and height).
Human impact is determined by harbours with hydrotechnical
constructions, coastal protection constructions, density of
population and buildings in the coastal belt, mining of valuable
minerals.
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